Winding for armatures of commutator motors



Jan. 16, 1951 v. KLIMA 2,538,527

WINDING FOR ARMATURES oF COMMUTATOR MoToRs Filed March 19, 1949 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 Fgf/ Jan. 16, 1951 v. KLIMA 2,533,527

WINDING F 0R ARMATURES 0F COMMUTATOR MOTQRS Filed March 19, 1949 l v 2 SheetS-Sheet 2 Patented Jan. 16, 1951 WINDING Foa ARMATURES F ooMMU'rA'ronMoroRs Vilm Klima, Prague, CzechoSlovakia,A assignorvof one-half' to Moravian Electrical' Engineering Works,.National ,Corporation Olomouc, .Czechoapplication-Maren 19, 194,9, serial No. .ez-,312

In @zeehoslovakia March 26, 1948' comms. (o1. 1751-.-228) namoele-otric machines and, more particularlygto a novel armature winding and commutatorzconf nection for A.l C. motors.

In A. C. commutating motors. Without auxiliary poles, a multiple parallelwinding connected .to ther--commutator ifs-'used -to 'obtain largerI out.- puts perpole.

It is` also known to use an auxiliary winding, in addition to the multiple parallel Winding, either iny parallel or in seriesV with the main Winding, such-auxiliarywindingl having a smallernumber of parallel. windings, alsojconnected in parallel to the same segments.

The disadvantages of' such windings is that, during rotation, all windings are not in the same position with respect to the brushes. While one Winding is being directly fed by the brush lying on the segment to which 4the respective A.Jvinding is connected, :the otherbranches are fed; through theauxiliary Winding by a currentfwhich .decreases in accordance` with the distances of such other branches. from the segment von :which the brush is just resting. This uneven resistance of theiindividual branches causes pulsation of the Fig. 2 is Va cross-sectional vView through a slot carrying. windings according to Figfl.

3 is a .partial longitudina'lfsectional.. View of the armature, taken through a slot.

Figs. 4.- and 5 are partial developments of modifled Winding arrangements according to the invention.

Fig. 1 shows a developed View of an armature Winding according to the invention. l, 2 8 indicate the main winding of the armature, in the example a auadruplex one. 'Conductors l, 2, 5S are parts of one system, ll, 5 of the second, 5, l of the third, 8, 9 of the fourth system. This winding is not connected directly to the commutator segments, but, at the heads l0, Il, I2, i3, i4, etc., it is connected to an auxiliary Winding. In the lustrated example,..the auxiliary Windingeis alan Winding4 l5, I6, ll, i8, IS, 2li, 2l, 22, etc., a furtherauxiliary Winding 26, El, 28, 2S, etcfheing connected tojthe rear heads of thel said Winding, 23,.- 2xt,` 25,'etc., on 'the opposite side of thearma.- ture from the commutator, this Winding .being shown-,as a wave winding (butit could alsobe a lapwinding) At the opposite endof the armature, a commutatorwith segments 30, 3l, 32, 33, etc., is connected to this latter auxiliaryfvvinding,

Referring to 2, mainV winding conductors l, 2, 5, S, l and Bare arranged. at the basefof the slot, auxiliary winding conductors l5. .15,1 20, etc., ther eabove,and the Isecond.auxiliary wind,- ing conductors, such as 2t, 2B 4nearest'the mouth of the slot.

` Fig. 3 shows' a longitudinal section throughr the armature, illustrating the main windingiconductors l, 2 the first auxiliary winding conductors I5, l5, and the second auxiliary Winding con-v ductors. 2S, 2l. The armature is indicated` at 35, and35. is the coinniutator. The main Winding conductors are soldered to `rings el, 38V at each end,v ring 3B also connecting the. auxiliary winding conductorsl l5; i6 to the main winding. Rin,r 38 Vconnects theiirstand second auxiliary WindingsVand the second auxiliary winding 2li, 21 is connected to the commutator 35 by means of a lug 40.

The advantage `of this arrangement, ascompared with known arrangements, is the fact that the current ,3.1i divides, through one auxiliary winding 2,6 and 29, intozcoils of the second yauxiliary Winding l5, l, l1, I8 which feed thernain Winding much more evenly, at the points lo, H, l2. At one known rvarrangement.one point, e. g. l0, is fed directlvand J: lfleotller points il, i2, I3 are fed throufrh the, turns of theauxlliarywinding, or, also through ltheir impedance.

In the present invention. the magnetic iniiuence of. the current in `the .conductor 26; is cancelledby'the -iniuence or the current in the conductorsal lil and the magnetic influence of the current in the conductor 2S cancels the influence of the currents It and la, because the magnetic inuences possess the same magnitude and have opposite directions. inductance of the commutating conductors, and commutation is substantially improved.

.Another advantage of the arrangement is the fact that the auxiliary winding may be made with a large resistance, and it acts as resistance rin-gs.

If one auxiliary winding, or advantageously both, are Wound as wave windings, they act, to-

This reduces theV gether with the main lap winding, as equalizing rings, so that the latter need not be especially provided.

A further alternative of the invention is the use of two auxiliary windings having a different number of parallel branches. Fig. 4 shows again a quadruplex main winding I, 2 but the auxiliary winding connected to it, 4|, 42, 43, 44, is a duplex, double-parallel winding. The second auxiliary winding 45, 46, 41, etc., or 48, 49, 50, etc., respectively is again connected to the rear heads of the first auxiliary winding 4|, 42, 43, 44. This winding is, e. g., a simple parallel one, and, on the other side, it is again connected to the commutator 5l, 52, 53, 54.

As indicated by the arrows, the current of the brush 55 divides completely uniformly between all 4 branches of the winding. This arrangement, also, has the advantage that the brush does not short-circuit the main winding, but only the auxiliary winding having a large resistance. This reduces considerably the equalizing currents caused by the transformation Voltage. At the same time, very convenient damping is obtained when interruptingI the main current, because the auxiliary winding is connected in parallel to the main winding and possesses a smaller time constant. It is advantageous to arrange the two auxiliarywindings to possess diierent time constants. It is especially advantageous to arrange the winding as indicated in Fig. 2, i. e., to make the winding connected to the commutator to have greatest resistance and smallest leakage, or, to place it at the opening of the slot; to place the main winding at the bottom of the slot, and to give it smallest resistance, and to make the auxiliary winding which is connected to the main winding, to have Values between those of the two mentioned windings.

In Fig. 5 an alternative arrangement of the winding of Fig. 4 is shown, characterized by the fact that one auxiliary winding is a wave winding instead of a lap winding.

The main winding may also be wound as a combination of two windings, i. e., one lap winding and one wave winding, having the same number of branches, and it is also possible to omit half of the laps and waves.

It is advantageous if the main winding is a lap winding, and the first auxiliary winding is a Wave winding, because it does not possess' excessive protrusion of the heads and acts as an equalizer ring. The second auxiliary Winding may be a lap winding.

I claim:

1. In an A. C. motor having an armature and a commutator at one end of said armature, the combination a multiplex, parallel conductor main winding; a first auxiliary parallel conductor Winding; means connecting the conductor junctions at the commutator end of the main winding to the corresponding conductor junctions at the commutator end o the first auxiliary winding; and a second auxiliary winding having parallel conductors each connecting a conductor junction at the opposite end of the first auxiliary vwinding to a commutator segment; whereby said main winding is connected to the commutator segments only through both auxiliary windings and the magnetic influences of the currents in said auxiliary windings` substantially counterbalance eachother.

2. In an A. C. motor having an armature formed with longitudinally extending, circumferentially spaced winding slots and a commutator at one end of said armature, the combination of a multiplex, parallel conductor main winding; a first auxiliary parallel conductor Winding; means connecting the conductor junctions at the commutator end of the first auxiliary winding; and a Second auxiliary winding having parallel conductors each connecting a conductor junction at the opposite end of the iirst auxiliary winding to a commutator segment; whereby said @main winding is connected to the commutator segments only through both auxiliary windings 'and the magnetic influences of the currents in said auxiliary windings substantially counter- 'balance each other; said main winding lying at the base of the slots, said iirst auxiliary winding overlying said main winding, and said second auxiliary winding overlying said first auxiliary winding.

3. A winding arrangement as claimed in claimV 1 in which said first auxiliary winding has a smaller number of parallel current paths than said main winding.

V4. A winding arrangement as claimed in claim 1 in which at least one winding is a wavewinding and at least one winding is a lap winding.

5. A winding arrangement as claimed in claim l in which said main Winding is a lap winding and said auxiliary windings are wave windings.

6. A winding arrangement as claimed in claim l in which all said windings are lap windings.

7. A winding arrangement as claimed in claim 1 in which said main and rst auxiliary windings are lap windings and said second auxiliary winding is a wave winding.

8. A winding arrangement as claimed in claim 1 wherein the auxiliary windings have smaller time constants than the main winding.

9. A winding arrangement as claimed in claim l. wherein said second auxiliar;7 Winding has a smaller time constant than said iirst auxiliary winding.

VILM KLIMA.

REFERENCES CTED The following references are of record in file of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Name Date Schwartz Feb. 23, 1943 the Number 

